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Purity: ≥98%
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone; Phytomenadione) is a fat-soluble and natural vitamin compound that plays a key role in blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism. It is stable to air and moisture but decomposes in sunlight. It is found naturally in a wide variety of green plants. Phytonadione is also an antidote for coumatetralyl. Vitamin K is needed for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins, mostly required for blood coagulation.
| ln Vitro |
Vitamin K1, or phylloquinone, is a prenylated naphthoquinone that is only produced by plants, green algae, and certain cyanobacteria species. In photosystem I, it plays a crucial role as an electron transporter, and it also acts as an electron acceptor to facilitate the creation of protein disulfide bonds. Phylloquinone functions as vitamin K1, a vitamin necessary for blood coagulation, bone and vascular metabolism, in humans and other vertebrates. Green leafy vegetables and vegetable oil, which contain phylloquinone, are the main dietary sources of vitamin K for humans[1]. With the help of the MAPK pathway, vitamin K1 therapy significantly reduces proliferation and triggers apoptosis in the Caco-2, HT-29, and SW480 cell lines. There is a concurrent, notable decline in the production of polyamines [2].
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| ln Vivo |
Compared to participants who decreased or did not alter their phylloquinone consumption, those who increased their dietary intake of vitamin K during the follow-up had a 51% lower incidence of incident diabetes[3]. By regulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity and preventing bone loss in obese mice produced by a high-fat diet, vitamin K treatment reverses the effects of a high-fat diet on bone deterioration[4]. Vitamin K1 has been applied topically to the skin to reduce pigmentation and heal bruises. When compared to the control group, the topical vitamin K1 effects demonstrate considerable healing in metrics such wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, and tensile strength[5].
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| References |
[1]. Basset GJ, et al. Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1): Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Functions. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2016 Jun 22.
[2]. Orlando A, et al. Vitamin K1 exerts antiproliferative effects and induces apoptosis in three differently graded human colon cancer cell lines. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:296721. [3]. Ibarrola-Jurado N, et al. Dietary phylloquinone intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in elderly subjects at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Nov;96(5):1113-8. [4]. Kim M, et al. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2013 Sep;53(2):108-13. [5]. Hemmati AA, et al. Topical vitamin K1 promotes repair of full thickness wound in rat. Indian J Pharmacol. 2014 Jul-Aug;46(4):409-12 |
| Molecular Formula |
C31H46O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
450.6957
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| CAS # |
84-80-0
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| SMILES |
CC1=C(C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O)CC=C(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C
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| InChi Key |
MBWXNTAXLNYFJB-NKFFZRIASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C31H46O2/c1-22(2)12-9-13-23(3)14-10-15-24(4)16-11-17-25(5)20-21-27-26(6)30(32)28-18-7-8-19-29(28)31(27)33/h7-8,18-20,22-24H,9-17,21H2,1-6H3/b25-20+/t23-,24-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-methyl-3-[(E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione
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| Synonyms |
Phylloquinone; Phytomenadione; VITAMIN K1; Phylloquinone; 3-Phytylmenadione; Alpha-Phylloquinone; Aquamephyton, Konakion, Phyllohydroquinone, Phytomenadione, Phytonadione
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
Ethanol :≥ 50 mg/mL (~110.94 mM)
DMSO : ~5.6 mg/mL (~12.43 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM) in 10% EtOH + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.55 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 20 mg/mL (44.38 mM) in Cremophor EL (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C). |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2188 mL | 11.0939 mL | 22.1877 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4438 mL | 2.2188 mL | 4.4375 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2219 mL | 1.1094 mL | 2.2188 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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